Evaluation of the Training Given to the Nurses on The Injection Application to the Ventrogluteal Site: Quantitative Finance Research Paper, UCD, Ireland

Evaluation of the Training Given to the Nurses on The Injection Application to the Ventrogluteal Site: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Introduction

Intramuscular injection (IM) which takes place in parenteral administrations is defined as application of medicine into the muscle tissue (Potter et al. 2017; Craven & Hirnle, 2009; Kaya & Pallos, 2012). World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 reports that it has been made about 16 billion

injection applications each year and 90 % of these injections have been applied for the purpose of treatment. However, WHO reports that safety precautions generally have not been followed at the injection applications in many countries in the last decade (WHO, 2016). Even though it is considered as a simple technique, IM injections may cause

serious complications such as abscess, necrosis, hematom, ecchymosis, infection, pain, periostitis, vascular and nerve injury and even severe sepsis when they are not carefully done (Nicoll & Hesby, 2002; Dinc, 2011; Kim & Park, 2014).

Methods

Design

The study was a quasi-experimental design, with a comparison between an experimental group and a control group.

Study participants

The population of the study consists of 444 nurses working in the selected hospital. The 91 nurses working in surgery room and in outpatient clinic in which IM injection is not carried out were excluded from the study. The study was conducted with 219 nurses who agreed to participate in the research. A total of 110 of which are experimental and 109 of which are control groups.

The Instruments

The data of the study was collected by Nurse Recognition Form, Knowledge Evaluation Form.

Nurse Recognition Form

This form consists of three parts. Sociodemographic characteristics and occupational characteristics of the nurses are in the first part of the form, IM injection applications of the nurses are in the second part, their views about the injection into ventrogluteal site are in the third part, and totally 27 questions.

Knowledge Evaluation Form

This form was prepared by the researchers in the direction of the literature (Rosdahl and Kowalski, 2008; Ay, 2016; Berman et al., 2016; Potter et al., 2017). It consists of 17 mutiple choice questions that evaluate the knowledge of nurses regarding IM injection to the VG site. Each question was scored as 1 point if question is true and 0 points if it is false or empty. Nurses are expected to get the “0” as the lowest score and “17” as the highest score. The reliability of this form was calculated using with Kuder Richardson – 20 formula (KR-20).

In this study, the reliability coefficient of the knowledge was enough (KR-20 = 0.764). The content validity indeks of the knowledge evaluation form was 0.96.

Data Collection

The data of the study were collected from the 219 nurses who agreed to participate in the research between the dates of 03.10.2017 – 06.30.2017.

After necessary arrangements had been made by being made the preliminary practice of the data collection forms that was prepared before starting to study, eight-week training program was applied at every other week by dividing the nurses into eight groups randomly when the nurses were available. The nurses were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups and 4 control groups in the research. 25 nurses participated in each training group, on averagely. The face-to-face training about injection application into the VG site was applied to the nurses in experimental and nurses in control group.

After training, as well as the training that was given to the experimental group, the training booklet which is in accordance with content was delivered to them.

The contents of presentation and training booklet were prepared by the researchers by reviewing the literature (Craven and Hirnle, 2009; Gulseven, 2010; Kaya and Pallos, 2012; Berman et al., 2016).

The content of training consists of the definition of IM injection, injection sites, disadvantages of DG site, determine, application and advantages of VG site. After the presentation of the researcher regarding VG injection applications, determining of the site and application of IM injection were demonstrated by using medical anatomic model. The trainings that were given to the nurses conducted in education room of the hospital.